{"id":15920,"date":"2025-04-02T13:20:46","date_gmt":"2025-04-02T10:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sowtna.com\/?p=15920"},"modified":"2025-04-03T13:38:12","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T10:38:12","slug":"%d7%94%d7%90%d7%a8%d7%92%d7%95%d7%9f-%d7%94%d7%9b%d7%9c%d7%9b%d7%9c%d7%99-%d7%94%d7%92%d7%93%d7%95%d7%9c-%d7%91%d7%a2%d7%95%d7%9c%d7%9d-%d7%93%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%a9-%d7%9e%d7%99%d7%a9%d7%a8%d7%90%d7%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sowtna.com\/?p=15920&lang=he","title":{"rendered":"\u05d1\u05d9\u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05ea \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05e9\u05dc \u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05d1\u05d3\u05d5\u05d7 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4 OECD"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4-OECD \u05de\u05d3\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d9\u05dd \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d1\u05e0\u05e7\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e4\u05d9\u05e1\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d6\u05e0\u05ea, \u05e0\u05d5\u05db\u05d7 \u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05d1\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d7\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e1\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e9\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e6\u05de\u05d9\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05ea. \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05db\u05df, \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05e6\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05da \u05d1\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05dd \u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9\u05d6\u05e6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u05dc\u05e7\u05e8\u05d0\u05ea \u05e4\u05e8\u05e1\u05d5\u05dd \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5\u05d7 \u05d4\u05d3\u05d5 \u05e9\u05e0\u05ea\u05d9 \u05e9\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05e0\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d4 \u05d4\u05d9\u05d5\u05dd \u05d1\u05d1\u05d5\u05e7\u05e8 \u05e4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05dc\u05e9\u05db\u05ea \u05e9\u05e8 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05e1\u05de\u05d5\u05d8\u05e8\u05d9\u05e5\u2019 \u05e2\u05dd \u05de\u05e0\u05db\u201d\u05dc \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05ea\u05d0\u05d9\u05e1 \u05e7\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05df \u05d5\u05d1\u05db\u05d9\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d1\u05de\u05e9\u05e8\u05d3\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d0\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8 \u05d5\u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05e0\u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05e9\u05d4\u05d2\u05d9\u05e2\u05d5 \u05d1\u05de\u05d9\u05d5\u05d7\u05d3 \u05dc\u05d0\u05e8\u05e5 \u05de\u05e4\u05d0\u05e8\u05d9\u05e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u05d1\u05d4\u05ea\u05d1\u05d5\u05e0\u05e0\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e2\u05ea\u05d9\u05d3, \u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05e0\u05d9 \u05d4-OECD \u05de\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9\u05db\u05d9\u05dd \u05db\u05d9 \u05d4\u05e6\u05de\u05d9\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d4\u05db\u05dc\u05db\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05e8\u05d0\u05dc \u05e6\u05e4\u05d5\u05d9\u05d4 \u05dc\u05e2\u05dc\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05e2\u05de\u05d5\u05d3 \u05e2\u05dc 3.4% \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2025 \u05d5-5.5% \u05d1\u05e9\u05e0\u05ea 2026. \u05e2\u05dd \u05d6\u05d0\u05ea, \u05d4\u05d0\u05e8\u05d2\u05d5\u05df \u05de\u05d3\u05d2\u05d9\u05e9 \u05d0\u05ea \u05d4\u05e6\u05d5\u05e8\u05da \u05d1\u05e0\u05e7\u05d9\u05d8\u05ea \u05de\u05d3\u05d9\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05e4\u05d9\u05e1\u05e7\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea \u05de\u05d0\u05d5\u05d6\u05e0\u05ea, \u05e0\u05d5\u05db\u05d7 \u05d2\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05dc \u05d1\u05d4\u05d5\u05e6\u05d0\u05d5\u05ea \u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d8\u05d7\u05d5\u05df \u05d5\u05d4\u05d0\u05ea\u05d2\u05e8 \u05e9\u05dc \u05e1\u05d2\u05d9\u05e8\u05ea \u05e4\u05e2\u05e8\u05d9 \u05ea\u05e9\u05ea\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05d4\u05d9\u05e2\u05e8\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05dc\u05e6\u05de\u05d9\u05d7\u05d4 \u05d3\u05de\u05d5\u05d2\u05e8\u05e4\u05d9\u05ea. \u05db\u05de\u05d5 \u05db\u05df, \u05e0\u05d9\u05ea\u05e0\u05ea \u05d4\u05de\u05dc\u05e6\u05d4 \u05dc\u05d4\u05de\u05e9\u05d9\u05da \u05d1\u05e7\u05d9\u05d3\u05d5\u05dd \u05e8\u05e4\u05d5\u05e8\u05de\u05d5\u05ea \u05de\u05d1\u05e0\u05d9\u05d5\u05ea \u05d5\u05dc\u05d9\u05d1\u05e8\u05dc\u05d9\u05d6\u05e6\u05d9\u05d4 \u05d1\u05e9\u05d5\u05e7 \u05d4\u05de\u05d5\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd \u05d5\u05d4\u05e9\u05d9\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Lack of childcare, particularly in Arab-Israeli municipalities, complicates labour-market   participation for Arab-Israeli women. Previous reductions in childcare costs in Israel have raised employment rates among mothers of young children (OECD, 2023). The six-day length of the school week implies long school holidays, which in turn mean that schools are closed on many business days.
This increases the burden of childcare for parents of school-age children, a burden that typically falls on mothers, who may consequently move into part-time, flexible or less-demanding jobs (OECD, 2023).
Besides suggesting benefits from reforming the school week, this situation underscores the benefits of expanding, and facilitating access to, childcare. As recommended in the previous Survey, a range of reforms are available to increase participation among women and across population groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The reason is that large differences currently separate average educational outcomes across population groups (Figure 1.5 Panel A). These in turn reflect discrepancies in funding between Arab and Hebrew education streams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A source of long-standing unrealised potential for the Israeli economy is the weak labour-market attachment that characterises large population groups. Many Haredi (ultra-orthodox) men and Arab-Israeli women stay out of employment (Figure 1.3). Part-time work is prevalent among Haredi women (Figure 1.3).
This situation to some extent reflects cultural choices, such as many Haredi men opting for long religious studies in yeshivas.
Alongside cultural factors, public policy settings are influencing women\u2019s and men\u2019s decisions to seek work or not. They include subsidies for yeshiva students, whose recipients are considered as employed for the purposes of eligibility to childcare support that is conditional on both parents working (Betz and Krill,
2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

employment rates among mothers of young children (OECD, 2023). The six-day length of the school week implies long school holidays, which in turn mean that schools are closed on many business days.
This increases the burden of childcare for parents of school-age children, a burden that typically falls on mothers, who may consequently move into part-time, flexible or less-demanding jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demographic trends mean key determinants of Israel\u2019s growth trajectory in future decades will be the share of Haredim in employment (Box 1.1) and the productivity levels of the jobs they take. Economic benefits of greater Haredi labour-market inclusion would include both individual and social benefits, helping to overcome a currently high poverty rate of 39.5% (Ben-David, 2024). To achieve progress towards
higher participation as well as higher productivity levels and wages, with potentially large long-term growth benefits (Box 1.3), policy reforms are required in the areas of work incentives and education.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/Admin\/Downloads\/d6dd02bc-en.pdf <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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[…]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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